Violence over Channar women's dress in Travancore

Background. In 19th-century Travancore, baring the chest was a sign of respect for higher-status individuals. Lower-status castes, such as Nadar climbers, were prohibited from covering their breasts to mark their low social standing. Higher-class women could cover their breasts unless in the presence of even higher-ranked communities. This social hierarchy created tension as Nadar women sought to adopt upper-cloth styles associated with higher castes.

Social Context. Many Nadar climbers embraced Christianity, which offered equal rights and encouraged the wearing of long cloths. This religious shift strengthened their resolve to wear upper-body clothing. However, the conflict intensified as Nadar women preferred breast-clothing in the Nair-style, challenging existing prohibitions. The social status of Nadar women was further complicated by their desire to emulate the dress of higher-caste women.

Violence and Reactions. The struggle for dress rights led to increasing violence in the 1820s against Nadar women. This violence included attacks on their dress and the burning of schools and churches. The conflict was not merely about clothing but reflected broader social tensions and the resistance to changing caste-based norms. The violence was a reaction to the perceived provocation by missionaries and the adoption of higher-caste styles.