Founding of the Carabinieri in the Kingdom of Sardinia (1814)

The Carabinieri were established as the police force of the Kingdom of Sardinia by King Victor Emmanuel I. The corps was created to provide a police force for the Savoyard state, inspired by the French gendarmerie. The Royal Carabinieri Corps was formally instituted under Royal Patents on 13 July 1814 in Turin, following the French occupation and subsequent abandonment of the city.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. Victor Emmanuel I, born in Turin in 1759, ruled Sardinia from Cagliari for twelve years after his family was forced to withdraw due to French conquests. During that Cagliari period he constituted the Carabinieri as a Gendarmerie corps, a framing distinct from the later formal institution of the corps in Turin. Following Napoleon's defeat in 1814, Victor Emmanuel returned to Turin, where the Royal Carabinieri Corps was instituted under Royal Patents.

Establishment. The Carabinieri were originally founded as the police force of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the forerunner of the Kingdom of Italy. Inspired by the French gendarmerie, the corps was created by King Victor Emmanuel I with the aim of providing the Savoyard state with a police corps. The Royal Carabinieri Corps was instituted under the Royal Patents of 13 July 1814.

Political Context. Victor Emmanuel I regained Piedmont after Napoleon's defeat in 1814. Upon returning to Turin, he abolished freedoms granted by Napoleonic Codices and restored oppressive rule, including the Regie Costituzioni. The establishment of the Carabinieri occurred in this context of restoration and the reassertion of Savoyard authority in Turin.

People involved

Sources

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