Capture of French frigate squadron off Toulon

Background. The engagement arose from the Mediterranean campaign of 1798, in which the Toulon squadron under Vice-admiral Brueys carried a 40,000-man army under General Bonaparte to Egypt. After the landing succeeded against the Ottomans and Mameluks, Admiral Nelson's Royal Navy destroyed most of the French squadron at the Battle of the Nile.

French Naval Situation after Abukir. Following the crushing losses at Abukir, Bonaparte's available naval forces consisted of a few frigates and sailors Nelson released rather than feed as prisoners. Frigates could support land forces by blockading besieged Ottoman fortresses, bombarding shores, and ferrying supplies, and their 18-pounder guns could serve as heavy siege artillery.

Perrée's Division and Return Voyage. With the campaign's centre of gravity shifting east to the Siege of Acre, Rear-admiral Perrée received command of three frigates and two brigs, Nile survivors, to ferry supplies and artillery despite the Ottoman and British blockades. On 14 May Sidney Smith's two ships of the line and a frigate chased the squadron, which eluded its pursuers.

Aftermath and Court Martial. Lloyd's List reported on 26 July that Keith's squadron had captured Alceste (36 guns, 460 men), Juno (44 guns, 560 men), Courageuse (44 guns, 500 men), and two 16-gun corvettes. From 6 October to 25 November 1799 Perrée faced court martial under Vice-admiral Thévenard, which found his return to Toulon justified by superior forces, partial disarmament, and low provisions.