Battle of Liberty Place in New Orleans

Background. The conflict stemmed from the disputed 1872 gubernatorial election. Democrat John McEnery was declared winner by a State Returning Board appointed by Governor Warmoth, but the federal government certified Republican William Pitt Kellogg. In 1874, McEnery formed a rump legislature in New Orleans. The White League, largely composed of Confederate veterans, entered the city to seat McEnery, challenging the established Republican administration.

Insurrection. On September 14, 1874, five thousand White League members fought against the outnumbered, racially integrated New Orleans Metropolitan Police and state militia. The insurgents defeated the state forces, inflicting dozens of casualties. They occupied the statehouse, armory, and downtown for three days. Governor Kellogg sought sanctuary in the Custom House, which was federal property protected by U.S. troops.

Aftermath. The White League retreated from New Orleans before federal troops arrived, allowing the restoration of the elected government. At least 35 people were killed, including 21 White League members. No one was prosecuted for the violence. The event was named the Battle of Liberty Place by Democratic supporters as part of their narrative to overturn the Reconstruction government.