Battle of Atlanta (1864)

The Battle of Atlanta occurred on July 22, 1864, southeast of Atlanta, Georgia, during the American Civil War. Union forces under Sherman engaged Confederate troops led by Hood, who had recently assumed command of the Army of Tennessee. Although the battle was a significant engagement, Atlanta did not fall until September 2, 1864, following a prolonged siege and efforts to sever supply lines.

Episodes

Background and detail

Background. In May 1864, Sherman moved his armies from Chattanooga, Tennessee, toward Ringgold, Georgia, with an estimated strength of 112,000 troops. The campaign sought to capture Atlanta, a vital railway center, and also to destroy or damage Confederate war resources and to split the Confederacy, as had been done at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Port Hudson, Louisiana, in July 1863. Johnston commanded Confederate forces until July 17, 1864, when he was replaced by Lieutenant General John B. Hood.

Engagement. On July 22, 1864, units from both armies fought in the Battle of Atlanta and related actions at Decatur. The battle occurred midway through the campaign, despite its name implying finality. Hood, promoted to temporary full general at age 33, led the Confederate Army of Tennessee, becoming the youngest soldier on either side to command an army.

Aftermath. Atlanta did not fall immediately after the battle; the city was captured on September 2, 1864, after a Union siege and attempts to seize railroads. Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation following its fall. The battle was part of broader efforts to split the Confederacy, similar to actions at Vicksburg and Port Hudson in 1863.

People involved

Sources

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