Founding of Adelaide, South Australia

Legislative Background. The South Australia Act 1834 empowered King William IV to create the province and provide for its colonisation. This legislation established the framework for a freely settled British colony, distinct from penal settlements, and set up governance structures including the Colonization Commission, which later faced financial difficulties.

Settlement and Proclamation. Physical establishment began with settlers arriving in February 1836, moving to Holdfast Bay by July. The formal foundation is traditionally dated to 28 December 1836, when Governor Hindmarsh proclaimed the province at Glenelg. This date marks the commencement of colonial government, though legacy records cite a July 1836 founding.

Governance Structure. Governance was initially shared between the Colonial Office and the Colonization Commissioners, leading to tensions. The 'Old System Title' land law was adopted at the colony's foundation in December 1836. The proclamation by Governor Hindmarsh established the government, marking the transition from legislative planning to active administration.