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Declaration of Jihad

When: October 1839 (conventional: 15 October 1839)
Where: Mascara (conventional attribution)
Part of: Emir Abdelkader declares jihad against France

Abdelkader declared a jihad against France in October 1839, following the breach of the Treaty of Tafna.

The declaration followed the French breach of the Iron Gates on 28 October 1839. Abdelkader claimed this violated the treaty, leading to renewed calls for jihad. He withdrew his consul from Oran and ejected the French consul from Mascara, a de facto declaration of war. No supplied passage attests a 15 October 1839 declaration date or an occurrence at Mascara; the legacy dating is retained as conventional only.

Sources

French conquest of Algeria Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-22
Emir Abdelkader Wikipedia, revision of 2026-10-05

Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.