Episode 1 of 4
Clement XIII's Defense of the Jesuits
- When
- 7 January 1765 – 1768
- Where
- papal acts issued from Rome
- Part of
- Death of Pope Clement XIII
Clement XIII praised the Jesuits in the 1765 bull Apostolicum pascendi, but expulsions by Catholic powers continued regardless.
In the bull Apostolicum pascendi of 7 January 1765, Clement XIII dismissed criticisms of the Jesuits as calumnies and praised the order's usefulness. The bull was largely ignored: by 1768 the Jesuits had been expelled from France, Naples and Sicily, and Parma, and Clement issued a monitorium against the Parmese government's policy in 1768.
Sources
- Pope Clement XIII Wikipedia, revision of 2026-08-30
Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.