Historians disagree over whether Benedict Arnold remained at Gates' headquarters or actively directed troops during the battle.

John Luzader, a former park historian at Saratoga National Historical Park, documents the evolution of the story that Arnold rode into the fight and believes it is without foundation in contemporary materials, holding that Arnold remained at Gates' headquarters, receiving news and dispatching orders through messengers. Arnold biographer James Kirby Martin disagrees, arguing that Arnold played a more active role by directing patriot troops into position and possibly leading some charges before being ordered back to headquarters by Gates.

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