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Paardekraal Gathering

Name: Paardekraal Gathering
Start: 1880-12-13
End: 1880-12-13
Location: Paardekraal

When: 13 December 1880
Where: Paardekraal
Part of: Transvaal proclaimed a republic with Paul Kruger as president

Volksraad members summoned to Paardekraal in December 1880, marking the start of the republic's restoration.

On 13 December 1880, members of the last Volksraad were summoned to a meeting at Paardekraal. Kruger declared he was called by the people. This gathering preceded the formal outbreak of the First Boer War on 20 December 1880.

Sources

South African Republic Wikipedia, revision of 2026-10-05
Paul Kruger Wikipedia, revision of 2026-10-06

Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.