Episode 2 of 3
Secret Treaty of January 1823
- When
- 22 January 1823
- Where
- Congress of Verona
A secret treaty signed at Verona in January 1823 formalized the French mandate to intervene in Spain, excluding Britain.
On 22 January 1823, a secret treaty was signed at the Congress of Verona. This agreement allowed France to intervene in Spain to help restore Ferdinand VII as an absolute monarch. Britain was explicitly excluded from this treaty, highlighting the divergence between British policy and continental action.
Sources
- Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis Wikipedia, revision of 2026-10-01
Machine-drafted from the cited Wikipedia passages and checked by a reviewing model, not by a human editor. Every passage cites the revision it was written from; dates and places follow those passages.